Detection of Squalene and Squalane Origin with Flash Elemental Analyzer and Delta V Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer

Introduction Squalane (C30H62) is widely used in cosmetic products due to its high skin hydrating capability. On an industrial scale squalane is obtained by hydrogenation under high pressure of its natural precursor molecule squalene, which is also used in personal care products such as skin moisturizers. Squalene is derived from two main natural sources, shark liver oil and vegetable oils, e.g. olive oil. The production of squalene and squalane from shark liver oil is less complex and cheaper than from olive oil. Hence, the vast majority of squalene and squalane used in the cosmetics industry during the past decades originated from shark liver oil. However, shark liver oil does not represent a renewable raw material and the populations of some shark species are endangered. As a consequence of such ecological awareness and ethical arguments, many consumers are now requesting animal product free cosmetics. Therefore the cosmetics industry is urged to use olive oil as a renewable and ethically acceptable source for the production of squalene and squalane.